Yintoni iiketones?

I-Ketones ziikhemikhali eziveliswa esibindini, ngokuqhelekileyo njengempendulo ye-metabolic ekubeni kwi-ketosis yokutya.

Oko kuthetha ukuba uvelisa ii-ketones xa ungenayo i-glucose eyaneleyo egciniweyo (okanye iswekile) ukuze ujike ube namandla. Xa umzimba wakho uvakalelwa kukuba ufuna enye into kwiswekile, uguqula amafutha abe zii-ketones.

Unokucinga ukuba kufuneka ube kwi-ketogenic diet okanye ube kwimeko ye-ketosis ukuze ube nee-ketones egazini lakho. Kodwa unee-ketones rhoqo.

Ngapha koko, unokuba nee-ketones egazini lakho ngoku ( ¹ ).

Ngoko ke, yintoni ingxaki ngee-ketones? Bazintoni? Yaye kutheni ufanele ube nazo?

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane isishwankathelo esipheleleyo see-ketones kunye nendima yazo njengomthombo wamandla ophambili xa ukwi-ketosis.

Yintoni iiketones?

I-Ketones, ekwabizwa ngokuba "yimizimba ye-ketone," zizinto ezenziwa ngumzimba eziqhekeza amanqatha ukuze zibe namandla. Oku kwenzeka kuphela xa ukutya kwakho kwe-carbohydrate kusezantsi kwaye umzimba wakho utshintshela kwisimo se-ketosis ( ² ).

Yindlela esebenza ngayo:

• Xa une-carb ephantsi kakhulu, uzila ukutya ixesha elide, okanye wenze umthambo kakhulu, umzimba wakho ekugqibeleni ufumana amandla ekutshiseni iswekile (iswekile esegazini) kunye neevenkile ze-glycogen (iiswekile ezigciniweyo).
• Nje ukuba i-glucose iphelelwe, umzimba wakho uqala ukukhangela enye imithombo yamafutha. Kwimeko yokutya kwe-ketogenic, ubukhulu becala bunamafutha.
• Ngeli xesha, umzimba wakho uya kuqalisa ukwaphula amanqatha okutya kunye namafutha omzimba ukuze abe namafutha, inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-beta-oxidation. Umzimba wakho unokusebenzisa iiasidi ezinamafutha ukwenza isibaso, kunye nezinye iikhompawundi ezibizwa ngokuba ziiketones, eziyilwe esibindini sakho.
• Abantu abalandela ukutya kwe-ketogenic banciphisa ngokukodwa ukutya kwabo kwe-carbohydrate ngenxa yesi sizathu: ukudala ii-ketones zamandla.

Abantu abaninzi basebenzisa izibonelelo ze-ketosis (ukuthembela okuncinci kwi-carbs kunye nokutshiswa kwamafutha amaninzi) ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukunciphisa iminqweno, ukuphucula i-cholesterol, ukwandisa ukwehla kobunzima, ukuphucula amandla, kunye nokunye.

Linda - Ngaba ii-ketones ziyingozi?

I-Ketones yenye indawo yokufumana amafutha emzimbeni wakho. Nangona ungaqhelananga nazo njengeglucose, ziikhompawundi ezikhuselekileyo onokuthi uzisebenzisele amandla.

Xa uvelisa imizimba ye-ketone, naziphi na ii-ketones ezingaphezulu ongenakukwazi ukuzisebenzisa ngumzimba wakho ziya kupheliswa ngokuphefumula kwakho okanye ngomchamo.

Ixesha kuphela i-ketones ingaba yingxaki ukuba unesifo se-1 okanye uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile, kwaye ukungabikho kwe-insulin kubangela ukwakhiwa kwee-ketones kunye ne-glucose egazini. Le meko yaziwa ngokuba yi-ketoacidosis kwaye ixoxwa nzulu kamva kweli nqaku.

Iintlobo zemizimba ye-ketone

Ke yintoni enye ekufuneka uyazi? Ukuqala, kukho iintlobo ezintathu zobuchwephesha zemizimba ye-ketone:

• I-Acetoacetate (AcAc).
• I-Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB).
• I-acetone.

Zombini i-acetoacetate kunye ne-beta-hydroxybutyrate zinoxanduva lokuhambisa amandla ukusuka esibindini ukuya kwezinye izicubu emzimbeni wakho.

Ukwakhiwa kweKetone

Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-ketogenesis, apho imizimba ye-ketone yenziwe ngokuchithwa kwe-fatty acids, i-acetoacetate yi-ketone yokuqala eyenziwe.

I-Beta-hydroxybutyrate yenziwa kwi-acetoacetate. (Kumele kuqatshelwe ukuba i-BHB ayikho i-ketone yezobuchwepheshe ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo samakhemikhali, kodwa ithathwa njenge-ketone ngenxa yobudlelwane bayo nezinye i-metabolites kunye nomsebenzi wayo emzimbeni wakho.)

I-acetone, eyona nto ilula kwaye ingasetyenziswanga kancinci yomzimba weketone, yenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo njengemveliso ye-acetoacetate. ³ ).

Ukuba i-acetone ayifuneki kumandla, iya kusetyenziswa kwaye isuswe emzimbeni njengenkunkuma ngokuphefumula okanye ngomchamo. I-acetone ngunobangela wevumba isiqhamo Iimpawu zokuphefumula xa umntu ekwi-ketosis okanye ketoacidosis.

Kutheni umzimba wethu usebenzisa iiketoni?

Kumawaka ezizukulwana, abantu baye bathembela kwiiketoni zamandla xa i-glucose ingafumaneki.

Umzekelo, ookhokho bethu mhlawumbi baba namaxesha amaninzi xa ukutya kwakungafumaneki ngokukhawuleza, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokulungiswa kokutya okanye ukufumaneka. Kwaye nanamhlanje, imizimba yethu iyamangalisa ekuziqhelaniseni nemizimba ye-ketone evuthayo.

Ezinye izibonelelo zokusebenza zee-ketones zinokubandakanya:

• Ukonyuka kokusebenza kwengqondo, kuba iiketoni ziwela ngokulula umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho ukubonelela ingqondo yakho ngepetroli ekhawulezayo nesebenzayo.
• Amandla omzimba: Emva kokuba ungasayi kuthembela kwi-glucose ukuba ibe yifutha, umzimba wakho uya kusebenza ngakumbi ekutshiseni amanqatha ngexesha lokuzilolonga. Oku kuthetha ukutshiswa kwamafutha amaninzi kunye namandla angaguqukiyo xa ukwi-ketosis ( ⁴ ) ( ⁵ ).

Uwavavanya njani amanqanaba akho e-ketone

Kukho iindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya amanqanaba akho e-ketone: igazi, umoya, kunye nomchamo. Kwezi ndlela zintathu, iiketoni zegazi zezona zichanekileyo kuba zibonisa ukuba umzimba wakho usebenza ntoni ngoku.

Iimvavanyo zomchamo ziluncedo kuphela kwizigaba zokuqala ze-keto-adaptation xa umzimba wakho usafunda ukusebenzisa iiketoni ezizenzayo. Ngeli xesha, inxalenye elungileyo yeeketoni ozivelisayo ziya kuvuza ngomchamo wakho. Oku kunokukunika umbono wokuba ngaba umzimba wakho uvelisa iiketoni okanye hayi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, umzimba wakho uya kulungelelanisa ngakumbi kwaye inani leeketone ezilahlekileyo kumchamo wakho liya kuncipha.

Uvavanyo lokuphefumla luyindlela efanelekileyo yovavanyo kwaye alungeneleli kakhulu kunovavanyo lwegazi, kodwa lusenokuchaneka kancinci.

Ngayiphi na indlela, ukwazi amanqanaba akho e-ketone yindlela efanelekileyo yokubona ukuba ukutya kwakho kunye nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuphila kusebenza.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuvavanya umzimba wakho kwii-ketones. Ungavavanywa elebhu, kodwa kukho iindlela ezikhawulezayo nezifikelelekayo.

Amanqanaba akho e-ketone anokuba ngu-zero ukuya kwi-3 okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye alinganiswa nge-millimoles ilitha nganye (mmol / L). Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu olubanzi, kodwa khumbula ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zinokwahluka, kuxhomekeke kukutya kwakho, inqanaba lomsebenzi, kunye nokuba unexesha elingakanani kwi-ketosis.

• Izinga le-ketone elibi: ngaphantsi kwe-0,6 mmol.
• Izinga le-ketone eliphantsi ukuya kwimodareyitha: phakathi kwe-0,6 kunye ne-1,5 mmol.
• Izinga eliphezulu le-ketones: 1.6 ukuya kwi-3.0 mmol.
• Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-ketone: ngaphezulu kwe-3.0 mmol.

Ngoku ukuba amanqanaba echaziwe, sidlula kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo kunye neenzuzo kunye neengozi zayo nganye:

Urinalysis

Indlela: Umchamo kumgca womchamo, obonisa inqanaba le-ketone ngombala.

IiPros: Ungathenga imicu kwiikhemesti ezininzi okanye kwi-intanethi ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. Olu lukhetho olufikelelekayo kwaye olulula kumntu omtsha kwi-ketogenic diet.

Iingxaki: Imicu yovavanyo lomchamo ayithembekanga njengoko ukwi-ketosis ixesha elide. Oku kudla ngokuba kukuba okukhona umntu ekwi-ketosis, kokukhona usebenza ngokufanelekileyo umzimba ekusebenziseni ii-ketones (ingakumbi i-acetoacetate) yamandla. Ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba uvavanyo lunokubonisa inqanaba eliphantsi le-ketosis kunokuba unayo. Ukongezelela, ukufundwa kwe-ketone yomchamo kunokuchaphazeleka ngezinye izinto, kubandakanywa izinga le-electrolytes emzimbeni okanye ukuba u-hydrated kangakanani.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Indlela: Ngemitha ye-glucose yegazi, ipeni ye-lancet isetyenziselwa ukucinezela incam yomnwe wakho kwaye uzobe isampuli encinci yegazi. Igazi elisetyenziswe kumcu wovavanyo lijonga amanqanaba eeketone zegazi ngemitha.

Iinzuzo: Le yindlela echanekileyo kakhulu yokubeka iliso kwi-ketone njengoko izinto ezimbalwa ziguqula iziphumo.

Iingxaki: Ingabiza, ngakumbi ukuba uvavanya rhoqo. Iindleko zihlala zi-5-10 ngoluhlu ngalunye!

Qaphela: I-BHB ketone ihanjiswa ngegazi, ngoko ke le yindlela efanelekileyo yokubeka iliso kumanqanaba akho aloo ketone ethile.

iimvavanyo zomoya

Indlela: Sebenzisa i-Ketonix breath meter ukuvavanya ubungakanani be-acetone ekhoyo ekuphefumleni kwakho.

Iinzuzo: Iyafikeleleka emva kokuthenga imitha. Nje ukuba uyithengile, ungayisebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelweyo.

I-Cons: Hayi eyona ndlela yokuvavanya ethembekileyo, ngoko isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ngokubambisana nezinye iindlela.

Ketones kunye nokutya

Xa kuziwa kumgangatho ochanekileyo we-ketosis yesondlo kunye neetoni emzimbeni, ukutya okufanelekileyo kwe-ketogenic kungundoqo. Kubantu abaninzi, oko kuthetha ukutya phakathi kwe-20-50 grams ye-carbohydrates ngosuku.

Ukwenza oku kuthetha ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo uninzi lwemithombo ye-carbohydrate kukutya kwakho, kubandakanya:

• Iinkozo ezipheleleyo nezicoliweyo.
• Iilekese kunye neempahla ezibhakiweyo.
• Ijusi zeziqhamo kunye neziselo ezithambileyo ezineswekile.
• Iswekile esulungekisiweyo.
• Iziqhamo.
• Isitatshi ezifana neetapile, isonka kunye nepasta.
• Iimbotyi kunye nemifuno.

Ukongeza ekunciphiseni i-carbs, i-ketone-focused diet nayo ibandakanya ukutya ixabiso elilinganisiweyo leprotheyini kwaye, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, ixabiso eliphezulu lamanqatha ukukhawulezisa ukutshiswa kwamafutha.

I-Ketone Side Effects

Kwabo baqala nje ukutya kwe-ketogenic, kukho iziphumo ezingalindelekanga zexesha elifutshane onokuzifumana kwiveki yokuqala okanye kunjalo. Oku kungenxa yotshintsho olwenzeka kwimetabolism yakho, enokulawula ezinye iinkqubo emzimbeni wakho.

Enye yezona zinto zibangela iimpawu ze-keto-adaptation ngamanzi kunye nokulahlekelwa kwe-electrolyte. Xa umzimba wakho utshintshela kwindlela yokutshisa amafutha, uphela ulahlekelwa ngamanzi amaninzi kunye ne-electrolytes kunye nayo.

Iimpawu zinokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke emntwini, kwaye abanye abantu basenokungabinazo kwaphela.

Iziphumo zexeshana ze-ketosis zinokubandakanya:

• Ukuziva ubuthathaka.
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuziva "ufile" ngengqondo.
• Ukudinwa kancinci okanye ukucaphuka.
• Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane.

Ngethamsanqa, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezokwexeshana kwaye zilula ngokukhawuleza njengoko umzimba uziqhelanisa notshintsho kumthombo wamafutha okutya ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Izilumkiso zeNqanaba leKetone

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-1 kunye nohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile kufuneka baqaphele nge-diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), eguqula igazi le-acidic ukuba ii-ketones zakha kwaye zifikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye liyingozi.

Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kubantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, kuba i-DKA idla ngokuba sisiphumo samanqanaba asezantsi e-insulin okanye iinaliti ze-insulin eziphosiweyo.

I-DKA inokubeka ubomi esichengeni, ngoko ke ukuba unesifo seswekile, akufanele uqale oku kutya ngaphandle kokujongwa ngugqirha. Oku kunokwenzeka kubantu abanesifo seswekile abonzakeleyo, abagulayo, okanye abangafumani lulwelo olwaneleyo.

Kukwabalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-DKA yahlukile kwi-ketosis yesondlo, ekhuselekileyo kwisondlo esinempilo nesinesondlo se-ketogenic. Kubantu abaninzi, akufanele kubekho inkxalabo malunga nokuveliswa kwe-ketone, njengoko i-ketones isetyenziselwa okanye ikhutshwe emzimbeni kwaye iyingxenye yokulahleka kwesisindo esinempilo kunye nenkqubo yokutshisa amafutha.

I-Ketones inokudlala indima enenzuzo kakhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi, kubandakanywa impilo jikelele, ukunciphisa umzimba, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nokugcina ukutya okunempilo kwe-ketogenic.

Ukuqonda iinkcukacha malunga ne-ketones kunye nendlela ehambelana ngayo ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-ketosis kunye nokutya okuphantsi kwe-carb kungundoqo kwimpumelelo kuzo zonke ezi ndawo zidibeneyo.

Imithombo:.

• http://www.diapedia.org/metabolism-insulin-and-other-hormones/51040851169/ketone-body-metabolism .
• https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/blood-ketones/tab/sample/.
• http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/ketoacidosis-dka.html.
• http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581361.
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19227486/.