Ayini ama-ketones?

Ama-ketones angamakhemikhali akhiqizwa esibindini, ngokuvamile njengempendulo ye-metabolic ekubeni ku-ketosis yokudla.

Lokho kusho ukuthi wenza ama-ketone uma ungenayo i-glucose eyanele egciniwe (noma ushukela) ukuze uguquke ube amandla. Uma umzimba wakho uzwa sengathi udinga enye esikhundleni sikashukela, uguqula amafutha abe ama-ketone.

Ungase ucabange ukuthi kufanele ube ekudleni kwe-ketogenic noma ube sesimweni se-ketosis ukuze ube nama-ketones egazini lakho. Kepha unama-ketones kaningi.

Eqinisweni, kungenzeka ukuthi unama-ketones egazini lakho njengamanje ( ¹ ).

Ngakho-ke yini ukubhekana nama-ketones? Bayini? Futhi kungani kufanele ube nazo?

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole incazelo egcwele yama-ketone nendima yawo njengomthombo wamandla oyinhloko uma uku-ketosis.

Ayini ama-ketones?

Ama-ketones, aziwa nangokuthi "imizimba ye-ketone," ayimikhiqizo yomzimba ephula amafutha ukuze uthole amandla. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho ukudla kwakho kwe-carb kuphansi futhi umzimba wakho ushintshela esimweni se-ketosis ( ² ).

Lokhu kusebenza kanjani:

• Uma une-carb ephansi kakhulu, uzila ukudla isikhathi eside, noma uzivocavoca, umzimba wakho ekugcineni uthola amandla ekushiseni ushukela (owaziwa nangokuthi ushukela osegazini) kanye nezitolo ze-glycogen (ezaziwa nangokuthi ushukela ogciniwe).
• Lapho i-glucose isiphelile, umzimba wakho uqala ukufuna omunye umthombo wamafutha. Endabeni yokudla kwe-ketogenic, ikakhulukazi amafutha.
• Kuleli qophelo, umzimba wakho uzoqala ukudiliza amafutha okudla kanye namafutha omzimba ukuze uthole uphethiloli, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-beta-oxidation. Umzimba wakho ungasebenzisa ama-fatty acids ukwenza uphethiloli, ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlanganisela ezibizwa ngama-ketones, ezakheka esibindini sakho.
• Abantu abadla ukudla okune-ketogenic banciphisa ngokukhethekile ukudla kwabo kwe-carb ngenxa yalesi sizathu: ukwakha ama-ketones ukuze abe namandla.

Abantu abaningi basebenzisa izinzuzo ze-ketosis (ukuncika kancane kwe-carb kanye nokushiswa kwamafutha amaningi) ukuze kusize ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, ukunciphisa izifiso, ukuthuthukisa i-cholesterol, ukwandisa ukuncipha, ukuthuthukisa amandla, nokunye.

Linda - Ingabe Ama-Ketones Ayingozi?

Ama-ketones angenye imithombo yamafutha omzimba wakho. Nakuba ungase ungazazi njengeglucose, ziyizinhlanganisela eziphephe ngokuphelele ongazisebenzisa ukuze uthole amandla.

Lapho ukhiqiza imizimba ye-ketone, noma yimaphi ama-ketone amaningi umzimba wakho ongakwazi ukuwasebenzisa azosuswa ngokuphefumula kwakho noma ngomchamo.

Isikhathi kuphela lapho ama-ketone angaba yinkinga uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 noma uhlobo 2, futhi ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kubangela ukunqwabelana kwama-ketone kanye ne-glucose egazini lakho. Lesi simo saziwa nge-ketoacidosis futhi simbozwa ngokujulile kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Izinhlobo zemizimba ye-ketone

Ngakho yini enye okudingeka uyazi? Okokuqala, ngokwezobuchwepheshe kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemizimba ye-ketone:

• I-Acetoacetate (AcAc).
• I-Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB).
• I-acetone.

Kokubili i-acetoacetate ne-beta-hydroxybutyrate inesibopho sokuthutha amandla ukusuka esibindini kuya kwezinye izicubu emzimbeni wakho.

Ukwakheka kwe-ketone

Phakathi nenqubo ye-ketogenesis, okuyilapho imizimba ye-ketone ikhiwa kusukela ekuqhekekeni kwamafutha acid, i-acetoacetate iyi-ketone yokuqala eyakhiwe.

I-Beta-hydroxybutyrate yenziwa nge-acetoacetate. (Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-BHB ngokobuchwepheshe ayiyona i-ketone ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo samakhemikhali, kodwa ibhekwa njenge-ketone ngenxa yobudlelwane bayo namanye ama-metabolite kanye nomsebenzi wayo emzimbeni wakho.)

I-acetone, okuwumzimba we-ketone olula futhi osetshenziswa kancane, udalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo njengomkhiqizo we-acetoacetate ( ³ ).

Uma i-acetone ingadingeki ukuze uthole amandla, izoguga futhi iphume emzimbeni njengemfucuza ngokuphefumula noma ngomchamo. I-acetone iyimbangela yephunga izithelo Isici sokuphefumula lapho umuntu e-ketosis noma i-ketoacidosis.

Kungani umzimba wethu usebenzisa ama-ketones?

Izinkulungwane zezizukulwane, abantu bebethembele kuma-ketone ukuze bathole amandla lapho i-glucose ingatholakali.

Ngokwesibonelo, okhokho bethu cishe babenezikhathi lapho ukudla kungatholakali khona ngokushesha, ngenxa yokulungiselelwa ukudla noma ukutholakala. Futhi ngisho nanamuhla, imizimba yethu iyamangalisa ngokuzivumelanisa nezidumbu ze-ketone ezivuthayo ukuze zibe uphethiloli.

Ezinye izinzuzo zokusebenza ze-ketone zingabandakanya:

• Ukwanda kokusebenza kwengqondo, ngoba ama-ketone awela kalula umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho ukuze anikeze ubuchopho bakho uphethiloli osheshayo nosebenza kahle.
• Amandla omzimba: Uma ungancikile ku-glucose ukuze uthole uphethiloli, umzimba wakho uzosebenza ngempumelelo ekushiseni amafutha ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. Lokhu kusho ukushiswa kwamafutha engeziwe namandla aqinile uma uku-ketosis ( ⁴ ) ( ⁵ ).

Ungawahlola kanjani amazinga akho e-ketone

Kunezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene zokuhlola amazinga akho e-ketone: igazi, umoya, nomchamo. Kulezi zindlela ezintathu, ama-ketone egazi anembe kakhulu ngoba amele lokho umzimba wakho osebenza ngakho njengamanje.

Ukuhlolwa komchamo kusiza kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala ze-keto-adaptation lapho umzimba wakho usafunda ukusebenzisa ama-ketone owenzayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingxenye enhle yama-ketone owakhiqizayo izovuza ngomchamo wakho. Lokhu kungakunikeza umbono wokuthi umzimba wakho ukhiqiza ama-ketone noma cha. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wakho uzojwayela futhi nenani lama-ketone alahlekile emchameni lizokwehla.

Ukuhlola ukuphefumula kuyindlela evumelekile yokuhlola futhi ayihlaseleki kakhulu kunokuhlolwa kwegazi, kodwa ingaba nenembile kancane.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, ukwazi amazinga akho e-ketone kuyindlela enhle yokunquma ukuthi ukudla kwakho kanye nezinguquko zokuphila ziyasebenza yini.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlola umzimba wakho ukuze uthole ama-ketones. Ungahlolwa elebhu, kodwa kunezinye izindlela ezisheshayo nezithengekayo.

Amazinga akho e-ketone angaba noma yikuphi ukusuka ku-zero kuye ku-3 noma ngaphezulu, futhi akalwa ngama-millimoles ilitha ngalinye (mmol/L). Ngezansi kukhona ububanzi obujwayelekile, kodwa khumbula ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingase ihluke, kuye ngokudla kwakho, izinga lomsebenzi, nokuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani uku-ketosis.

• Izinga le-ketone elingalungile: ngaphansi kuka-0,6 mmol.
• Izinga le-ketone eliphansi kuya kokumaphakathi: phakathi kuka-0,6 no-1,5 mmol.
• Izinga eliphakeme lama-ketones: 1.6 kuya ku-3.0 mmol.
• Izinga le-ketone liphezulu kakhulu: ngaphezu kwe-3.0 mmol.

Manje njengoba amaleveli esechaziwe, ake sihlole izindlela ezihlukene zokuhlola kanye nobuhle nobubi bayo ngayinye:

I-Urinalysis

Indlela: Umchamo emgqeni womchamo, okhombisa izinga lama-ketones ngombala.

Izinzuzo: Ungathenga ama-strips ezitolo eziningi zezidakamizwa noma ku-inthanethi ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu. Lena inketho ethengekayo nelula kumuntu omusha ekudleni kwe-ketogenic.

Ububi: Imichilo yokuhlola umchamo ayithembekile njengoba usunesikhathi eside uku-ketosis. Lokhu kuvamise ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi uma umuntu esenesikhathi eside ku-ketosis, yilapho umzimba uba namandla ngokwengeziwe ekusebenziseni ama-ketone (ikakhulukazi i-acetoacetate) ukuze uthole amandla. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlolwa kungase kubonise izinga eliphansi le-ketosis kunalokho okutholayo ngempela. Ukwengeza, ukufundwa kwe-ketone yomchamo kungathinteka ezinye izici, kufaka phakathi izinga lama-electrolyte emzimbeni wakho noma ukuthi u-hydrated kangakanani.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Indlela: Ngemitha ye-glucose yegazi, ipeni le-lancet lisetshenziselwa ukucindezela ichopho lomunwe wakho bese udonsa isampula elincane legazi. Igazi elisetshenziswe emgqeni wokuhlola liqapha amazinga e-ketone yegazi ngemitha.

Izinzuzo: Lena indlela enembe kakhulu yokuqapha ama-ketones njengoba izici ezimbalwa zishintsha imiphumela.

Ububi: Kungabiza, ikakhulukazi uma uhlola njalo. Izindleko ngokuvamile zi-€5-10 umucu ngamunye!

Qaphela: I-BHB ketone ithuthwa ngegazi, ngakho-ke lena indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqapha amazinga akho aleyo ketone ethile.

izivivinyo zokuphefumula

Indlela: Sebenzisa imitha yokuphefumula ye-Ketonix ukuhlola inani le-acetone elikhona emoyeni wakho.

Izinzuzo: Ithengeka ngemva kokuthenga imitha. Uma usuyithengile, ungayisebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe.

Ububi: Akuyona indlela yokuhlola ethembeke kakhulu, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kangcono kakhulu ngokuhlangana nezinye izindlela.

ama-ketones kanye nokudla

Uma kuziwa ezingeni elifanele le-ketosis yokudla okunomsoco nama-ketones emzimbeni, ukudla okufanele kwe-ketogenic kuyisihluthulelo. Kubantu abaningi, lokho kusho ukudla phakathi kwama-20-50 amagremu ama-carbohydrates ngosuku.

Ukwenza lokhu kusho ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda ngokuphelele imithombo eminingi yama-carbohydrate ekudleni kwakho, okuhlanganisa:

• Izinhlamvu eziphelele nezicutshunguliwe.
• Amaswidi nezimpahla ezibhakiwe.
• Amajusi ezithelo neziphuzo ezinoshukela ezinoshukela.
• Ushukela ocolisisiwe.
• Izithelo.
• Izitashi ezinjengamazambane, isinkwa ne-pasta.
• Ubhontshisi kanye nemifino.

Ngaphandle kokusika ama-carbs, ukudla okugxilwe yi-ketone kuhilela nokudla inani elilinganiselwe lamaprotheni futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, amanani aphezulu wamafutha ukusheshisa ukushiswa kwamafutha.

I-Ketone Side Effects

Kulabo abasanda kuqala ukudla kwe-ketogenic, kunemiphumela emibi yesikhathi esifushane ongase ube nayo phakathi nesonto lokuqala noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yoshintsho olwenzeka kumetabolism yakho, olungalawula ezinye izinqubo emzimbeni wakho.

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zezimpawu ze-keto-adaptation ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi kanye ne-electrolyte. Lapho umzimba wakho ushintshela kumodi yokushiswa kwamafutha, ugcina ulahlekelwe amanzi amaningi nama-electrolyte kanye nawo.

Izimpawu zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngomuntu, futhi abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo.

Imiphumela yesikhashana ye-ketosis ingabandakanya:

• ezizwa ebuthakathaka
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda
• Ukuzizwa "uguqubele" ngokwengqondo.
• Ukukhathala okuncane noma ukucasuka.
• Izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane.

Ngenhlanhla, imiphumela engemihle ingeyesikhashana futhi ilula ngokushesha njengoba umzimba ulungisa ushintsho kumthombo wamafutha okudla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izexwayiso Zezinga LeKetone

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kanye nohlobo 2 kufanele baqaphele i-diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), eshintsha igazi libe ne-asidi uma ama-ketone enqwabelana aze afike ezingeni eliphezulu ngokuyingozi.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, njengoba i-DKA ngokuvamile iwumphumela wamazinga aphansi e-insulin noma imijovo ye-insulin egejiwe.

I-DKA ingaba yingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke uma unesifo sikashukela, akufanele neze uqale lokhu kudla ngaphandle kokugadwa udokotela. Lokhu kungenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela abalimele, abagulayo, noma abangaphuzi uketshezi olwanele.

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi i-DKA yehlukile ku-ketosis yokudla okunomsoco, ephephile ekudleni okunempilo nokunomsoco we-ketogenic. Kubantu abaningi, akufanele kube nokukhathazeka mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwe-ketone, njengoba ama-ketones asetshenziswa noma asuswa emzimbeni futhi ayingxenye yokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esinempilo kanye nenqubo yokushisa amafutha.

Ama-Ketones angadlala indima enenzuzo kakhulu ezicini eziningi zokuphila, kuhlanganise nempilo evamile, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, nokugcina ukudla okunempilo kwe-ketogenic.

Ukuqonda imininingwane mayelana nama-ketones nokuthi angena kanjani kububanzi be-ketosis kanye nokudla okune-carb ephansi kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo kuzo zonke lezi zindawo zihlangene.

Fuentes:.

• http://www.diapedia.org/metabolism-insulin-and-other-hormones/51040851169/ketone-body-metabolism .
• https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/blood-ketones/tab/sample/.
• http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/ketoacidosis-dka.html.
• http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581361.
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19227486/.